TiO2 nanotube-containing glass ionomer cements display reduced aluminum release rates

Abstract Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-nts) were incorporated into a glass ionomer cement (GIC) with improved mechanical properties and antibacterial activity. The aims of the present in vitro study were to define the elemental characterization, aluminum (Al) release rate, and initial working time for GIC reinforced with TiO2-nts, in an experimental caries model. TiO2-nts were incorporated into GIC powder components at 5% by weight, and compared with unblended GIC. Experimental approaches used energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), and brightness loss to define surface element properties, Al release rates, and initial working time, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed by 2-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, generalized linear models, and Student's t test (a = 0.05). EDS data analysis revealed that TiO2-nts incorporated into GIC had no significant impact on the typical elemental composition of GICs in an in vitro caries model. Regarding the demineralizing solution, GIC with TiO2-nt significantly decreased the Al release rate, compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). Moreover, TiO2-nt incorporated into GIC did not alter the initial working time of the material (p > 0.05). These findings add information to our scientific body of knowledge concerning the potential impact of TiO2-nt on the performance of conventional GICs.

Influence of rs6667202 SNP on Interleukin-10 levels in the gingival fluid of patients with periodontitis grade C

Grade C periodontitis in youngers is characterized by a severe form of periodontitis, and IL10 rs6667202 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been described as an important feature in this disease etiology. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate, in vivo, the functionality of IL10 rs6667202 SNP on IL-10 gingival fluid levels. Methods: Thirty patients with Perio4C were selected, 15 with the IL10 AA genotype (rs6667202) and 15 with AC/CC genotypes. The gingival fluid was collected from two sites with probing depth ≥ 7 mm and bleeding on probing, and two healthy sites. The IL-10 concentration was determined by Luminex/MAGpix platform. Results: In deep pockets, the IL10 AA genotype presented a lower concentration of IL-10 when compared with AC or CC genotypes (p<0.05). In shallow pockets, no difference between groups was seen (p>0.05). Conclusion: IL10 rs6667202 SNP decreases the production of IL-10 in crevicular fluid, potentially affecting this disease progression

Titanium dioxide nanotubes added to glass ionomer cements affect S. mutans viability and mechanisms of virulence

Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the impact of TiO2 nanotubes (n-TiO2) incorporated into glass ionomer cement (GIC) on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) characteristics at cellular and molecular levels. n-TiO2, synthesized by the alkaline method (20 nm in size), was added to Ketac Molar EasyMix® at 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight. S. mutans strains were cultured on GIC disks with addition or not of n-TiO2 for 1, 3, and 7 days and the following parameters were assessed: inhibition halo (mm) (n=3/group); cell viability (live/dead) (n=5/group); cell morphology (SEM) (n=3/group); and gene expression by real-time PCR (vicR, covR, gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD) (n=6/group). The data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test, repeated-measures ANOVA or two-way ANOVA, and Tukey's and Dunn's post-hoc tests (α=0.05). The agar diffusion test showed a higher antibacterial property for 5% n-TiO2 compared with 3% and 7% (p<0.05) with no effect of time (1, 3, and 7 days). The cell number was significantly affected by all n-TiO2 groups, while viability was mostly affected by 3% and 5% n-TiO2, which also affected cell morphology and organization. Real-time PCR demonstrated that n-TiO2 reduced the expression of covR when compared with GIC with no n-TiO2 (p<0.05), with no effect of time, except for 3% n-TiO2 on vicR expression. Within-group and between-group analyses revealed n-TiO2 did not affect mRNA levels of gtfB, gtfC, and gtfD (p>0.05). Incorporation of n-TiO2 at 3% and 5% potentially affected S. mutans viability and the expression of key genes for bacterial survival and growth, improving the anticariogenic properties of GIC.

Transcriptome profile of highly osteoblastic/cementoblastic periodontal ligament cell clones

Abstract Heterogeneous cell populations of osteo/cementoblastic (O/C) or fibroblastic phenotypes constitute the periodontal dental ligament (PDL). A better understanding of these PDL cell subpopulations is essential to propose regenerative approaches based on a sound biological rationale. Objective Our study aimed to clarify the differential transcriptome profile of PDL cells poised to differentiate into the O/C cell lineage. Methodology To characterize periodontal-derived cells with distinct differentiation capacities, single-cell-derived clones were isolated from adult human PDL progenitor cells and their potential to differentiate into osteo/cementoblastic (O/C) phenotype (C-O clones) or fibroblastic phenotype (C-F clones) was assessed in vitro. The transcriptome profile of the clonal cell lines in standard medium cultivation was evaluated using next-generation sequencing technology (RNA-seq). Over 230 differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified, in which C-O clones showed a higher number of upregulated genes (193) and 42 downregulated genes. Results The upregulated genes were associated with the Cadherin and Wnt signaling pathways as well as annotated biological processes, including "anatomical structure development" and "cell adhesion." Both transcriptome and RT-qPCR showed up-regulation of WNT2, WNT16, and WIF1 in C-O clones. Conclusions This comprehensive transcriptomic assessment of human PDL progenitor cells revealed that expression of transcripts related to the biological process "anatomical structure development," Cadherin signaling, and Wnt signaling can identify PDL cells with a higher potential to commit to the O/C phenotype. A better understanding of these pathways and their function in O/C differentiation will help to improve protocols for periodontal regenerative therapies.

Isolation and characterization of a human cementocyte-like cell line, HCY-23

Abstract Cementum is the mineralized tissue covering the tooth root that functions in tooth attachment and post-eruptive adjustment of tooth position. It has been reported to be highly similar to bone in several respects but remains poorly understood in terms of development and regeneration. Here, we investigate whether cementocytes, the residing cells in cellular cementum, have the potential to be protagonist in cementum homeostasis, responding to endocrine signals and directing local cementum metabolism. Cells from healthy erupted human teeth were isolated using sequential collagenase/EDTA digestions, and maintained in standard cell culture conditions. A cementocyte-like cell line was cloned (HCY-23, for human cementocyte clone 23), which presented a cementocyte compatible gene expression signature, including the expression of dentin matrix protein 1 ( DMP1 ), sclerostin ( SOST ), and E11/gp38/podoplanin ( E11 ). In contrast, these cells did not express the odontoblast/dentin marker dentin sialoprotein ( DSPP ). HCY-23 cells produced mineral-like nodules in vitro under differentiation conditions, and were highly responsive to inorganic phosphate (Pi). Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that cementocytes are phosphate-responsive cells, and have the potential do play a key role in periodontal homeostasis and regeneration.

Mesenchymal stem cells in periodontics: new perspectives / Células mesenquimais indiferenciadas em periodontia: novas perspectivas

ABSTRACT Tissue engineering is a contemporary field of science, which aims to create conditions based on principles of cell and molecular biology, bioengineering and biomaterials to regenerate tissues. Mesenchymal stem cells present high proliferation rates and are able to differentiate into multilineages under certain conditions, suggesting that they have great potential to act in regeneration field. Tooth derived stem cells are a suitable alternative source of mesenchymal cells once they are easily accessible and have poor morbidity to the donor. Studies showed that they have been isolated and characterized from diverse tissues such as dental pulp, exfoliated deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, gingiva, dental follicle and apical papilla. However studies show that there is heterogeneity among these populations and there is no standard method to select the most appropriate tooth derived stem cells for regenerative procedures. The aim of this review is to present the current perspective of the multiple types of tooth-derived stem cells and to discuss the basis for their use in periodontal tissue engineering.

RESUMO A engenharia de tecidos é um campo contemporâneo da ciência, que visa criar condições baseadas em princípios de biologia celular e molecular, bioengenharia e biomateriais para regenerar tecidos. As células tronco mesenquimais apresentam altas taxas de proliferação e são capazes de se diferenciar, sob certas condições, em multi-linhagens, sugerindo que elas têm grande potencial para atuar no campo da regeneração. As células tronco derivadas de tecidos dentais são uma fonte alternativa adequada de células mesenquimais uma vez que são de fácil acesso e têm baixa morbidade para o doador. Estudos demonstraram que elas já foram isoladas e caracterizadas a partir de diversos tecidos tais como polpa dentária, dentes decíduos esfoliados, ligamento periodontal, gengiva, folículo dental e papila apical. Entretanto, os estudos demonstram que há heterogeneidade entre essas populações e não existe um método padrão para selecionar as células-tronco dentais mais apropriadas para procedimentos regenerativos. O objetivo desta revisão é apresentar o conhecimento atual dos vários tipos de células-tronco derivadas de dentes e discutir as novas perspectivas para seu uso na engenharia de tecidos periodontais.

Osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells are unaffected after exposure to lipopolysaccharides

Abstract Periodontitis develops as a result of a continuous interaction between host cells and subgingival pathogenic bacteria. The periodontium has a limited capacity for regeneration, probably due to changes in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) phenotype. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lipopolysaccharides from Porphyromonas gingivalis (PgLPS) on mesenchymal phenotype and osteoblast/cementoblast (O/C) potential of PDLSCs. PDLSCs were assessed for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expression by immunostaining technique. After, cells were exposed to PgLPS, and the following assays were carried out: (i) cell metabolic activity using MTS; (ii) gene expression for IL-1β, TNF-α and OCT-4 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR); (iii) flow cytometry for STRO-1 and CD105, and (iv) osteogenic differentiation. PDLSCs were positive for TLR2. PgLPS promoted cell proliferation, produced IL-1β and TNF-α, and did not affect the expression of stem cell markers, STRO-1, CD105 and OCT-4. Under osteogenic condition, PDLSCs exposed to PgLPS showed a similar potential to differentiate toward osteoblast/cementoblast phenotype compared to control group as revealed by mineralized matrix deposition and levels of transcripts for RUNX2, ALP and OCN. These results provide evidence that PgLPS induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, but does not change the mesenchymal phenotype and osteoblast/cementoblast differentiation potential of PDLSCs.

Engenharia tecidual em periodontia / Tissue engineering in Periodontics

Nas últimas décadas, muitos procedimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de regenerar o periodonto, como a regeneração tecidual guiada, a utilização de enxertos ósseos e os derivados da matriz do esmalte. No entanto, estudos têm demonstrado que estas terapias apresentam baixa previsibilidade de regenerar o periodonto. A fim de aumentar o potencial e previsibilidade de regeneração, a engenharia tecidual tem sido proposta como uma alternativa para promover as condições necessárias para regenerar os tecidos periodontais. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo revisar a literatura acerca dos estudos de engenharia tecidual em Periodontia. A engenharia tecidual se baseia em princípios de biologia celular e engenharia de biomateriais, envolvendo basicamente três elementos-chave: células, moléculas de sinalização e arcabouços. O conjunto de células obtidas a partir do ligamento periodontal, assim como células isoladas com fenótipo de células mesenquimais indiferenciadas (células-tronco), tem sido investigado quanto ao potencial em promover a regeneração. Os efeitos das moléculas sinalizadoras sobre estas células e sobre o processo regenerativo também têm sido avaliados. Além disso, diversos arcabouços têm sido estudados com o objetivo de mimetizar a matriz extracelular, carrear células e liberar tais moléculas sinalizadoras na forma de proteínas recombinantes, a fim de propiciar um microambiente mais favorável à regeneração. Abordagens de engenharia tecidual envolvendo a interação destes três elementos têm demonstrado melhores resultados do que o uso isolado de um deles. Com base nestas abordagens, espera-se o desenvolvimento de técnicas que estimulem a regeneração periodontal, levando a resultados satisfatórios mais previsíveis.

Considerações clínicas para tratamento ortodôntico em paciente periodontal / Clinical considerations for orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontal disease: a review

A reabilitação oral do paciente muitas vezes necessita de uma inter-relação entre várias especialidades para permitir uma melhora nas condições da saúde bucal. Hoje, a procura cada vez maior de pacientes adultos para tratamento ortodôntico torna a Periodontia e a Ortodontia duas áreas com relação muito estreita no intuito de oferecer melhores resultados no tratamento odontológico do paciente. Sendo assim, o intuito desse trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre algumas questões relacionadas à inter-relação entre a Periodontia e a Ortodontia, principalmente no que diz respeito a: a) movimentação ortodôntica em pacientes com periodonto reduzido; b) movimentação ortodôntica e recessão gengival; c) microbiologia associada com bandas ortodônticas; d) aumento gengival relacionado à movimentação ortodôntica

Abordagem regenerativa combinada de proteínas derivadas da matriz do esmalte e substituto ósseo em defeito infraósseo de paciente com periodontite agressiva / Combined regenerative approach of derivative enamel proteins and bone substitute for treatment of infraosseous defect in aggressive periodontitis. Case report

Devido à rápida progressão da doença periodontal, a presença de defeitos periodontais infraósseos é um achado frequente nos pacientes portadores de periodontite agressiva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar clínica e radiograficamente uma abordagem periodontal regenerativa em paciente com histórico de periodontite agressiva generalizada. A paciente apresentava persistência de bolsa periodontal associada a defeito infraósseo na mesial do dente 46 mesmo após abordagens periodontais não cirúrgicas. O sítio foi tratado por meio de terapia periodontal regenerativa utilizando-se proteínas derivadas da matriz do esmalte (PDME) associadas a substituto ósseo composto de beta-tricálcio-fosfato e hidroxiapatita (β-TCP-HA). Dez meses após a terapia regenerativa, observou-se redução da profundidade de sondagem e preenchimento radiográfico do defeito periodontal. Desta forma, pôde-se concluir que a terapia periodontal regenerativa foi capaz de promover melhoras clínicas, demonstrando que tal procedimento é viável, mesmo em pacientes com histórico de periodontite agressiva generalizada.

Considerações clínicas para tratamento ortodôntico em paciente periodontal / Clinical considerations for orthodontic treatment in patients with periodontal disease: a review

A reabilitação oral do paciente muitas vezes necessita de uma inter-relação entre várias especialidades para permitir uma melhora nas condições da saúde bucal. Hoje, a procura cada vez maior de pacientes adultos para tratamento ortodôntico torna a Periodontia e a Ortodontia duas áreas com relação muito estreita no intuito de oferecer melhores resultados no tratamento odontológico do paciente. Sendo assim, o intuito desse trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre algumas questões relacionadas à inter-relação entre a Periodontia e a Ortodontia, principalmente no que diz respeito a: a) movimentação ortodôntica em pacientes com periodonto reduzido; b) movimentação ortodôntica e recessão gengival; c) microbiologia associada com bandas ortodônticas; d) aumento gengival relacionado à movimentação ortodôntica.

Manutenção longitudinal do tratamento de peri-implantite / Long term clinical outcome of peri-implantitis treatment: a clinical report

O alto número de reabilitações orais com implantes, associadas à ausênciade uma correta terapia de manutenção, tem contribuído para o aparecimentode diversos casos de peri-implantite. Juntamente com este fato, odiagnóstico das doenças peri-implantares parece ser dificultado pelo desconhecimento,ou medo, dos cirurgiões-dentistas no exame das estruturasperi-implantares. O objetivo deste relato de caso clínico foi apresentaruma situação em que diagnóstico e tratamento da peri-implantite permitirama continuação e o sucesso da reabilitação oral com implantes. Dentrodas limitações do caso clínico apresentado concluiu-se que uma vez diagnosticadaa peri-implantite, a aplicação não cirúrgica de iodo povidine 10%,associado à abordagem cirúrgica, para a descontaminação da superfíciedos implantes e correção tecidual peri-implantar, por meio de enxerto detecido conjuntivo, e uma rigorosa terapia de suporte periodontal tornaramo resultado clínico satisfatório após 18 meses de acompanhamento, em setratando de estabilização do processo patológico.

A utilização do β tricálcio fosfato em associação com a matriz derivada do esmalte em defeito de bifurcação classe II / The use of Beta tricalicium phosphate in association with enamel matrix derivative in class II furcation defects

A presença do biofilme bacteriano é o principal fator etiológico envolvido na iniciação e no desenvolvimento das enfermidades que acometem a cavidade bucal. A remoção mecânica é um método capaz de controlar os patógenos periodontais. No entanto, muitos pacientes apresentam uma deficiência nos métodos de higiene diária habitual. Neste sentido, surgem agentes antimicrobianos capazes de agir de modo a auxiliar na prevenção e no tratamento destas doenças e diversos estudos na literatura têm mostrado a eficácia no emprego de tais substâncias antimicrobianas no controle do biofilme. Este artigo visou apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre a utilização do agente antimicrobiano triclosan, possibilitando que os cirurgiões-dentistas conheçam melhor suas propriedades, seu mecanismo de ação e sua eficácia.

Cigarette smoke inhalation influences bone healing of post-extraction tooth socket: a histometric study in rats

The aim of this study was to evaluate, histometrically, the bone healing of the molar extraction socket just after cigarette smoke inhalation (CSI). Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a test group (animals exposed to CSI, starting 3 days before teeth extraction and maintained until sacrifice; n=20) and a control group (animals never exposed to CSI; n=20). Second mandibular molars were bilaterally extracted and the animals (n=5/group/period) were sacrificed at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after surgery. Digital images were analyzed according to the following histometric parameters: osteoid tissue (OT), remaining area (RA), mineralized tissue (MT) and non-mineralized tissue (NMT) in the molar socket. Intergroup analysis showed no significant differences at day 3 (p>0.05) for all parameters. On the 7th day, CSI affected negatively (p<0.05) bone formation with respect to NMT and RA (MT: 36%, NMT: 53%, RA: 12%; and MT: 39%, NMT: 29%, RA: 32%, for the control and test groups, respectively). In contrast, no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were found at days 10 and 14. It may be concluded that CSI may affect socket healing from the early events involved in the healing process, which may be critical for the amount and quality of new-bone formation in smokers.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência da inalação da fumaça de cigarros (IFC) sobre os períodos iniciais de reparo ósseo alveolar. Quarenta ratos Wistar foram aleatoriamente divididos em teste: animais expostos à IFC, que se iniciou 3 dias antes das extrações mantendo-se até o sacrifício (n=20)e controle (animais que não foram expostos à IFC; n=20). Os animais tiveram seus segundos molares inferiores extraídos bilateralmente (n=5/grupo/período) e foram sacrificados nos dias 3, 7, 10 e 14 dias após a cirurgia. Imagens digitalizadas foram analisadas de acordo com os seguintes parâmetros histométricos: tecido osteóide (OT), área remanescente (RA), tecido mineralizado (MT) e tecido não mineralizado (NMT) em cada alvéolo. Análise intergrupo mostrou que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante aos 3 dias (p>0,05) para todos os parâmetros. Aos 7 dias, a IFC influenciou negativamente (p?0,05) o preenchimento ósseo mostrando diferença estatisticamente significante para os parâmetros tecido não mineralizado e defeito remanescente (MT: 36%, NMT: 53%, RA: 12%; and MT: 39%, NMT: 29%, RA: 32%, para controle e teste, respectivamente). No entanto, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0,05) aos 10 e 14 dias. Conclui-se que a IFC pode afetar o reparo ósseo alveolar inicial, o que pode ser crítico para a quantidade e qualidade da nova formação óssea em fumantes.

Peri-implantite: etiologia de fatores de risco / Peri-implant diseases: etiology of risk factors

A literatura aponta que a cárie e as doenças periodontais são as maiores responsáveis pela perda de elementos dentais. Alguns estudos mostram que a cárie pode afetar indivíduos em todas as faixas etárias, porém, que a doença periodontal é a responsável por um número maior de perdas dentárias. Os implantes osseointegrados tornaram-se a primeira escolha para a reabilitação desses espaços edêntulos. Por isso, o número de implantes colocados aumenta a cada dia e com eles as complicações, como a mucosite e a peri-implantite. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi trazer informações atualizadas disponíveis sobre a etiologia das doenças peri-implantares, as suas prevalências, a formação do biofilme sobre os implantes, as características histológicas, as características clínicas das doenças peri-implantares e as condições que levam os pacientes que receberam reabilitação com implantes a desenvolverem tais complicações

It has been shown that dental caries and periodontal disease are the main causes of tooth loss. Dental caries can affect individual in all age groups. However, periodontal disease is the cause of the majority of losses. Osseointegrated implants have become the first choice for the rehabilitation of edentulous patients. Therefore, the number of implants placed is increasing and so do their complications such as mucositis and peri-implantitis. The aim of this review is to bring updated information available about the etiology of peri-implant disease, its prevalence, the biofilm formation on the implant surface, its histological features, the role of occlusal trauma in osseointegrated implants loss, and the conditions that put patients at higher risk for developing peri-implantitis

Uso de enxerto ósseo xenógeno em defeitos infraósseos de paciente fumante com periodontite agressiva generalizada: relato de caso / Use of xenogenous bone graft in intraosseous defects of a smoker patient with aggressive generalized periodontitis: case report

O uso de enxertos ósseos está entre as terapias regenerativas mais amplamente empregadas em Periodontia. Apesar de a regeneração completa dos tecidos periodontais perdidos não ser obtida de maneira previsível com o uso dessa técnica, diversos estudos clínicos demonstram que seu uso resulta em melhoras clínicas significativas — como redução da profundidade de sondagem e ganho de inserção clínica —, quando comparado ao debridamento a retalho isoladamente. A maioria dos estudos avaliando o efeito das terapias regenerativas envolve pacientes com periodontite crônica, contudo, alguns relatos da utilização de enxertos em defeitos periodontais de pacientes com periodontite agressiva têm demonstrado que essa técnica também é capaz de promover benefícios nesses pacientes. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo relatar o acompanhamento clínico de sete meses de terapia periodontal regenerativa, utilizando-se enxerto ósseo bovino em defeitos periodontais infraósseos, de paciente fumante com periodontite agressiva generalizada. Pôde-se observar que essa terapia, juntamente com um adequado controle de placa e rigoroso programa de manutenção periodontal, foi capaz de promover melhoras dos parâmetros clínicos avaliados, demonstrando ser um procedimento viável em pacientes com periodontite agressiva.

The use of bone grafts is among the most used regenerative therapies in Periodontics. Although, the complete regeneration of lost periodontal tissues may not be predictably obtained by this technique, several clinical studies have shown that it results in significant clinical improvement, such as reduction of probing depth and clinical attachment gain, when compared to open flap debridement applied alone. Most studies that evaluate the effect of regenerative therapies involve patients with chronic periodontitis, however, some reports about the use of grafts in periodontal defects of patients with aggressive periodontitis have demonstrated that this technique is also able to promote benefits in these patients. In this context this paper aims to report the seven-month follow-up of a regenerative therapy with the use of bovine bone graft in periodontal intrabony defects of a smoker patient with generalized aggressive periodontitis, where it could be observed that this therapy, along with adequate plaque control and rigorous periodontal maintenance program, was able to promote improvement in the evaluated clinical parameters, showing to be a viable procedure to patients with aggressive periodontitis.

Utilização de enxerto ósseo autógeno para tratamento de lesão de bifurcação proximal Classe II / Autogenous bone graft in the treatment of proximal class II furcation involvement. A case report

As lesões de bifurcação proximal em molares superior se constituem em um grande desafio para o clínico, por apresentarem grande dificuldade de acesso para a descontaminação radicular na terapia mecânica não cirúrgica, bem como em procedimentos cirúrgicos. Por estarem na área proximal são de difícil visualização e manipulação. A literatura apresenta poucos estudos que visam elucidar a melhor opção terapêutica para esse defeito específico. O objetivo do presente relato de caso foi demonstrar o tratamento de uma lesão de furca Grau II em mesial de molar que foi tratada com acesso cirúrgico e enxerto de tecido ósseo. Após seis meses, houve melhora significativa dos parâmetros clínicos periodontais

Platelet-rich plasma plus bioactive glass in the treatment of intra-bony defects: a study in dogs

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate, histomorphometrically, the association of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and bioactive glass (BG) in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nine mongrel dogs were included in the study. Three-wall intrabony defects were surgically created at the mesial and distal aspect of first mandibular molar and exposed to plaque accumulation for 1 month. The defects were randomly assigned to the groups: control, BG, PRP, PRP+BG. Dogs were sacrificed 90 days after the surgeries. The histometric parameters evaluated were: length of sulcular and junctional epithelium, connective tissue adaptation, new cementum, new bone, defect extension and area of new bone filling the defect. RESULTS: A superior area of new bone was observed in PRP+BG and BG (13.80±2.32 mm² and 15.63±2.64 mm², respectively) when compared to the other groups (8.19±1.46 mm² and 8.81±1.47 mm² for control and PRP, respectively). No statistically significant differences were observed in the remaining parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, it may be concluded that PRP failed to provide statistically significant improvements in the histometric parameters.

Non-surgical instrumentation associated with povidone-iodine in the treatment of interproximal furcation involvements

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of topically applied povidone-iodine (PVP-I) used as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment of interproximal class II furcation involvements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-two patients presenting at least one interproximal class II furcation involvement that bled on probing with probing pocket depth (PPD) >5 mm were recruited. Patients were randomly chosen to receive either subgingival instrumentation with an ultrasonic device using PVP-I (10 percent) as the cooling liquid (test group) or identical treatment using distilled water as the cooling liquid (control group). The following clinical outcomes were evaluated: visible plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), position of the gingival margin, relative attachment level (RAL), PPD and relative horizontal attachment level (RHAL). BAPNA (N-benzoyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide) testing was used to analyze trypsin-like activity in dental biofilm. All parameters were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3 and 6 months after non-surgical subgingival instrumentation. RESULTS: Six months after treatment, both groups had similar means of PPD reduction, RAL and RHAL gain (p>0.05). These variables were, respectively, 2.20±1.10 mm, 1.27±1.02 mm and 1.33±0.85 mm in the control group and 2.67±1.21 mm, 1.50±1.09 mm and 1.56±0.93 mm in the test group. No difference was observed between groups at none of the posttreatment periods, regarding the number of sites showing clinical attachment gain >2 mm. However, at 6 months posttreatment, the test group presented fewer sites with PPD >5 mm than the control group. Also at 6 months the test group had lower BAPNA values than control group. CONCLUSION: The use of PVP-I as an adjunct in the non-surgical treatment of interproximal class II furcation involvements provided limited additional clinical benefits.

Self-perception of generalized aggressive periodontitis symptoms and its influence on the compliance with the oral hygiene instructions: a pilot study

Aim: Patient’s adherence to the periodontal treatment is fundamental to the success of the therapy.Lack of response to the clinician’s instructions is influenced by various factors, including gender,age and psychosocial profile. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between self-perceived symptoms of generalized aggressive periodontitis and compliance with the oral hygiene instructions. Methods: Twenty-six subjects presenting a generalized aggressive form of periodontal disease were selected. The subjects answered a questionnaire to rate the perceived symptoms of periodontal disease with a sensitivity scale, in which a numeric score is attributed to each mentioned symptom. The percentage of sites with pocket probing depth (PPD)e” 5mm as well as the plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) were evaluated and the patients received a full mouth prophylaxis. One month later, the patients were re-evaluated for PI, GI, and PPD, and their percent reductions were correlated with the numeric score attributed to the aggressive periodontitis symptoms. Spearman’s correlation and Wilcoxon’s test were used with as ignificance level of 5%. Results: The greater the self-perception of some of the symptoms, the greater the adherence to the oral hygiene instructions. A positive correlation was observed between the reduction of GI and self perception of bleeding on tooth brushing (p=0.04, r=0.27)and redness and swelling of gums (p=0.04, r=0.26). Conclusions: The self-perception of symptoms of generalized aggressive periodontitis could have an influence on the patient’s response to the oral hygiene instructions.